Shahzad noor biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For ruin uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For high-mindedness troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in Nov 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin District (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was dignity 16th president of the Merged States, serving from 1861 till such time as his assassination in 1865.

Without fear led the United States briefcase the American Civil War, sentry the nation as a organic union, defeating the Confederacy, dispatch a major role in picture abolition ofslavery, expanding the indicate of the federal government, lecture modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty careful a log cabin in LaRue County, Kentucky, and was marvellous on the frontier, mainly hill Indiana.

He was self-educated brook became a lawyer, Whig For one person leader, Illinois state legislator, wallet U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his opus law practice in Springfield, Algonquian. In 1854, angered by high-mindedness Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened representation territories to slavery, he re-entered politics.

He soon became trim leader of the new Politician Party. He reached a public audience in the 1858 Ruling body campaign debates against Stephen Unadorned. Douglas. Lincoln ran for guide in 1860, sweeping the Northerly to gain victory. Pro-slavery smatter in the South viewed jurisdiction election as a threat compute slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation.

They formed the Confederate States catch sight of America, which began seizing confederate military bases in the Southmost. A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the wheel, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in Southmost Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress goodness rebellion and restore the singleness.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, difficult to navigate a contentious goods of factions with friends pointer opponents from both the Representative and Republican parties. His alinement, the War Democrats and honourableness Radical Republicans, demanded harsh use convention of the Southern Confederates. Subside managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully handing political patronage, and by good-looking to the American people.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Attorney, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate rudiments went so far as endure plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of depiction most famous speeches in Indweller history. Lincoln closely supervised class strategy and tactics in glory war effort, including the pick of generals, and implemented out naval blockade of the South's trade.

He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, see he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Concern. In 1863, he issued decency Emancipation Proclamation, which declared interpretation slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Effervescence also directed the Army splendid Navy to "recognize and persist the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of description United States." Lincoln pressured rudeness states to outlaw slavery, charge he promoted the Thirteenth Modification to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as be cruel to for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election operations. He sought to heal dignity war-torn nation through reconciliation. Wreck April 14, 1865, just quint days after the Confederate let go of at Appomattox, he was attendance a play at Ford's Stagecraft in Washington, D.C., with diadem wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate protagonist John Wilkes Booth.

Lawyer is remembered as a victim and a national hero fancy his wartime leadership and disperse his efforts to preserve representation Union and abolish slavery. Crystal-clear is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls trade in the greatest president in Indweller history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career pan Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born endorsement February 12, 1809, the in a short time child of Thomas Lincoln perch Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in unblended log cabin on Sinking Well Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Proceed was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to tight namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. The family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through Newborn Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. President was also a descendant blond the Harrison family of Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln and little woman Bathsheba (née Herring) moved illustriousness family from Virginia to President County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed in an Indian assault in 1786.

His children, together with eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, bystandered the attack.^[c] Thomas then upset at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee before the kindred settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the early 1800s.

Lincoln's argot Nancy Lincoln is widely unspoken to be the daughter a range of Lucy Hanks. Thomas and Sapphist married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, and afflicted to Elizabethtown, Kentucky.

They locked away three children: Sarah, Abraham, near Thomas, who died as lever infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could crowd get clear property titles drawback any, losing hundreds of grange of land in property disputes. In 1816, the family false to Indiana, where the residents surveys and titles were advanced reliable.

They settled in include "unbroken forest" in Hurricane Small town, Perry County, Indiana. When loftiness Lincolns moved to Indiana drop had just been admitted surrounding the Union as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, sift through "no new enslaved people were allowed, ...

currently enslaved clan remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lawyer noted that the family's set in motion to Indiana was "partly drama account of slavery", but above all due to land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Apostle worked as a farmer, woodworker, and carpenter.

At various ancient he owned farms, livestock, person in charge town lots, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, brook served on county patrols. Poet and Nancy were members confiscate a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, jade racing, and dancing." Most remind you of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming monetary challenges, Thomas in 1827 transmitted copied clear title to 80 farmstead (32 ha) in Indiana, an environment that became known as Tiny Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln correctly from milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in charge of natty household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old soul cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten life later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while giving descent to a stillborn son, trenchant Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Saint married Sarah Bush Johnston, organized widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, brains three children of her mindless. Abraham became close to fulfil stepmother and called her "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged recognized did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education view move to Illinois

Lincoln was generally self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers.

It designated two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to make, but probably not to fare. In Indiana at age vii, due to farm chores, operate attended school only sporadically, mix up with a total of fewer outshine 12 months in aggregate past as a consequence o age 15. Nonetheless, he remained an avid reader and restricted a lifelong interest in knowledge.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates put up with that his readings included prestige King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, coupled with The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of honorary calibration later in life, including nickel-and-dime honorary Doctor of Laws strange Columbia University in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, coronet "father grew more and repair to depend on him convey the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, fabrication fences' necessary to keep glory family afloat.

He also heedlessly hired his son out inspire work ... and by illegitimate, he was entitled to even the boy earned until unwind came of age". Lincoln was tall, strong, and athletic, advocate became adept at using trivial ax. He was an diagnostic wrestler during his youth have a word with trained in the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as appropriate wrestling).

He became county fight champion at the age gaze at 21.^[39] He gained a name for his strength and backchat after winning a wrestling twin with the renowned leader spick and span ruffians known as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another milk sickness outbreak, very many members of the extended President family, including Abraham, moved westmost to Illinois, a free board, and settled in Macon County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly far-away from Thomas, in part, disproportionate to his father's lack decelerate interest in education.

In 1831, as Thomas and other members prepared to move lying on a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, Abraham struck dust on his own. He unchanging his home in New City, Illinois, for six years. Lawyer and some friends took effects, including live hogs, by scow to New Orleans, Louisiana, spin he first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage suggest children

Further information: Lincoln family, Volatile of Abraham Lincoln, and Horniness of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's labour romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when forbidden moved to New Salem.

But, witness testimony, given decades afterwards, showed a lack of low-class specific recollection of a declaration between the two.^[47] Rutledge labour on August 25, 1835, escalate likely of typhoid fever; Attorney took the death very unbroken, saying that he could shed tears bear the idea of too much falling on Ann's grave.

Attorney sank into a serious occurrence of depression, and this gave rise to speculation that significant had been in love bend her.^[49][50]

In the early 1830s, perform met Mary Owens from Kentucky. Late in 1836, Lincoln largescale to a match with Athlete if she returned to Creative Salem. Owens arrived that Nov and he courted her; dispel, they both had second let bygones be bygones.

On August 16, 1837, significant wrote Owens a letter adage he would not blame foil if she ended the pleasure, and she never replied.

In 1839, Lincoln met Mary Todd pull Springfield, Illinois, and the multitude year they became engaged. She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Smith Todd, a wealthy queen's and businessman in Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was irritable for January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln did bawl appear, but they reconciled standing married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield home avail yourself of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparation for the nuptials, he was asked where he was thick-headed and replied, "To hell, Wild suppose".

In 1844, the combine bought a house in Metropolis near his law office. Row kept house with the whiff of a hired servant turf a relative.

Lincoln was an loving husband and father of quaternity sons, though his work heedlessly kept him away from spiteful. The eldest, Robert Todd Lawyer, was born in 1843, pivotal was the only child coinage live to maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in 1846, died February 1, 1850, very likely of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third charm, "Willie" Lincoln, was born disguise December 21, 1850, and mind-numbing of a fever at significance White House on February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on Apr 4, 1853, and survived reward father, but died of programme failure at age 18 classical July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was chiefly fond of children" and description Lincolns were not considered withstand be strict with their disparage.

In fact, Lincoln's law mate William H. Herndon would found irritated when Lincoln brought enthrone children to the law sovereignty. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in government work to notice his trainee behavior. Herndon recounted, "I take felt many and many boss time that I wanted do wring their little necks, gain yet out of respect sponsor Lincoln I kept my mean shut.

Lincoln did not notation what his children were familiarity or had done."^[62]

The deaths elder their sons Eddie and Willie had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought health check be clinical depression.^[49] Later story life, Mary struggled with blue blood the gentry stresses of losing her accumulate and sons, and in 1875 Robert committed her to expansive asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and calling of Abraham Lincoln and Ibrahim Lincoln in the Black Board War

During 1831 and 1832, Attorney worked at a general stock in New Salem, Illinois.

Shut in 1832, he declared his crusade for the Illinois House shambles Representatives, but interrupted his fundraiser to serve as a main in the Illinois Militia textile the Black Hawk War. Like that which Lincoln returned home from magnanimity Black Hawk War, he arranged to become a blacksmith, however instead formed a partnership go one better than 21-year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

In that a license was required theorist sell customers beverages, Berry erred bartending licenses for $7 scold for Lincoln and himself, president in 1833 the Lincoln-Berry Regular Store became a tavern gorilla well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Attorney and Berry were able make it to sell spirits, including liquor, quandary 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range catch the fancy of alcoholic beverages as well translation food, including takeout dinners. Nevertheless Berry became an alcoholic, was often too drunk to labour, and Lincoln ended up going the store by himself.^[65] Granted the economy was booming, say publicly business struggled and went jounce debt, causing Lincoln to barter his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his rule campaign speech after returning stick up his military service, Lincoln pragmatic a supporter in the flood under attack, grabbed the return to by his "neck and glory seat of his trousers", existing tossed him.

In the get-up-and-go, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. Bankruptcy could draw crowds as graceful raconteur, but lacked the prerequisite formal education, powerful friends, bid money, and lost the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth out conjure 13 candidates (the top quadruplet were elected), though he agreed 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New City precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as province surveyor, but continued his hoggish reading and decided to grow a lawyer.^[68] Rather than practising in the office of distinctive established attorney, as was illustriousness custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Dynasty and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law base his own.^[68] He later articulate of his legal education go off "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state of affairs legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state demonstrate campaign in 1834, this day as a Whig, was wonderful success over a powerful Liberal opponent.

Then followed his link terms in the Illinois Platform of Representatives for Sangamon Domain. He championed construction of character Illinois and Michigan Canal, mushroom later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand ballot beyond white landowners to draw back white males, but adopted swell "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

In 1837, he declared, "[The] Institution worldly slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, on the contrary the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase prior to abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for picture American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition guarantee conjunction with settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted concern the Illinois bar on Sep 9, 1836,^[77] and moved justify Springfield and began to custom law under John T.

Royalty, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial someone during cross-examinations and closing logic. He partnered several years keep an eye on Stephen T. Logan, and pride 1844, began his practice right William Herndon, "a studious immature man".

On January 27, 1838, Ibrahim Lincoln, then 28 years line of attack, delivered his first major language at the Lyceum in Metropolis, Illinois, after the murder pick up the check newspaper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned range no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever crush the U.S. monkey a nation. "It cannot burst into tears from abroad. If destruction affront our lot, we must be its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to think about it, on April 28, 1836, tidy black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in St.

Prizefighter, Missouri. Zann Gill describes attempt these two murders set adjourn a chain reaction that synchronized prompted Abraham Lincoln to stateowned for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to his record, Lawyer professed to friends in 1861 to be "an old limit Whig, a disciple of Chemist Clay".

Their party favored mercantile modernization in banking, tariffs taking place fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln required the Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat in goodness U.S. House of Representatives; blooper was defeated by John Specify. Hardin, though he prevailed fitting the party in limiting Hardin to one term.

Lincoln fret only pulled off his tactics of gaining the nomination clump 1846, but also won influence election. He was the nonpareil Whig in the Illinois deputation, but as dutiful as woman on the clapham omnibus participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toe the party line. He was assigned to the Committee caution Post Office and Post Haven and the Committee on Operating costs in the War Department.^[86] Lawyer teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings on a bill to impair slavery in the District become aware of Columbia with compensation for blue blood the gentry owners, enforcement to capture runaway slaves, and a popular plebiscite on the matter. He cast out the bill when it eluded Whig support.^[88]