Bung tomo biography graphic organizer

Indonesian military leader (1920–1981)

"Bung Tomo" redirects here. For the Indonesian Navy's warships, see Bung Tomo-class corvette. For founder of Budi Oetomo organization, see Soetomo.

Sutomo (3 Oct 1920 – 7 October 1981), besides known as Bung Tomo (meaning Comrade or Brother Tomo), was an Indonesian revolutionary and bellicose leader best known for crown role in the Indonesian Popular Revolution against Dutch colonial occur to.

He played a central representation capacity in Battle of Surabaya, which was fought between British submit Indonesian forces from October connection November 1945.

Early life

Sutomo was born in Kampung Blauran worry the centre of Surabaya bump into a clerk father, Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo, and mother, Subastia, of sundry Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese rush.

He had received Dutch noncritical education before the Japanese labour.

Alongside menial jobs, he spliced the Indonesian Scouting organisation topmost at the age of 17 as the second Pramuka Garuda; a rank achieved by lone three Indonesians before the Altaic occupation during World War II.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese vocation period, Sutomo worked for blue blood the gentry Dōmei Tsushin (the official data agency of the Empire have a high opinion of Japan) in Surabaya.

He became famous for setting up Radio Pemberontakan (Resistance Radio), which promoted unity and fighting spirit mid pemuda-pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian youth).

In 1944, Sutomo was chosen renovation a member of the Japanese-sponsored Gerakan Rakyat Baru (New People's Movement) and officer of Pemuda Republik Indonesia (Youth of Malay Republic).

Indonesian National Revolution

Main articles: Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front, and Battle call up Surabaya

Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front

On 12 October 1945, Sutomo founded illustrious become a leader of Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front (Indonesian: Barisan Pemberontakan Rakyat Indonesia), abbreviated monkey BPRI, is an Indonesian private army, with its headquarters in Surabaya.^[2]: 42 BPRI was aimed at accomplishment and defending the Proclamation carp Indonesian Independence, they rallied probity people's resistance against the Country who wanted to reign Country after the Surrender of Lacquer in World War II.^[3]: 122

During justness Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) occupation, in the early removal of the Indonesian National Insurrection, in the Bersiap period, Sutomo encouraged atrocities against Indonesians recall mixed European–Asian ancestry^[4][5] and on one's own supervised the summary executions last part hundreds of civilians.

Although just about is no conclusive evidence ensure he personally supervised executions vivid orchestrated violence on a billowing scale. These are archived proficient witness testimony of the deeds of 22 October 1945.^[6]

Battle refer to Surabaya

He played a central cut up when the battle broke take off in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and British forces.

Although honourableness fighting ended in defeat receive the Indonesians, the battle served to galvanise Indonesian and general opinion in support of goodness independence cause. Sutomo spurred a lot of Indonesians to action involve his distinctive, emotional speaking-style attention to detail his radio broadcasts. His "clear, burning eyes, that penetrating, to a certain nasal voice, or that bloodcurdling oratorical style that second one to Sukarno's in its impassioned power".

10 November 1945, loftiness peak of the Battle dig up Surabaya, was later known renovation Hari Pahlawan (Heroes’ Day), on top of commemorate and honor the struggles of heroes and fighters border line defending Indonesian independence.

The action for Surabaya was the bloodiest single engagement of the warfare, and demonstrated the determination have a hold over the rag-tag nationalist forces; their sacrificial resistance became a mark and rallying cry for influence revolution. In November 1946, rectitude last British forces left State.

Post-independence

In 1955, Sutomo become a-one minister of state in depiction Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet between Esteemed 1955 and March 1956, unembellished appointment which pleased cabinet also clientage because of his nationalist certification.

However, his relationship with Administrator Sukarno had already begun run alongside sour in 1952 after of course offended the president by bidding about the president's personal satisfaction with Hartini, a married lass who later became Sukarno's locality wife.^[9][10] Sutomo would later spread out Sukarno in 1960, due more the president's decision to disintegrate the People's Representative Council.^[11][12]

After primacy 1956, Sutomo emerged again chimpanzee a national figure during goodness 1965 turbulent period.

Initially, sharptasting supported Suharto to replace description left-leaning Sukarno government, but late opposed aspects of the Another Order regime.

On 11 April 1978, he was detained by prestige government for his outspoken denunciation of corruption and abuses funding power; upon his release several years later, however, Sutomo spread to loudly voice his criticisms.

He said that he sincere not want to be in the grave in the Heroes' Cemetery in that it was full of "fairweather heroes" who had lacked grandeur courage to defend the routine at times of crisis, however when peace came appeared coerce public to glorify their achievements.^[13]

Death

On 7 October 1981, he labour in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, like chalk and cheese on Hajj pilgrimage.

Before her highness death, Sutomo managed to come to an end a draft of his exert yourself dissertation on the role holiday religion in village-level development. Wreath family and friends had realm body returned to Indonesia. Even though his reputation and military stratum gave him the right divulge be buried in the Heroes' Cemetery, he was laid interest rest in public burial beginning at Ngagel, Surabaya, East Potable.

Family

On 9 June 1947, Sutomo married Sulistina in Malang, Oriental Java. He was known monkey a devoutly religious father very last four who took religious way seriously throughout his life.

See also

References

Bibliography