Mahmud tarzi biography bookshelf

Afghan politician, secular activist stake journalist (1865–1933)

Allamah Mahmud Tarzi
Mahmud Tarzi in 1920
In office September 1924 – January 1927
Monarch	Amanullah Khan
Preceded by	Sardar Shir Ahmad
Succeeded by	Ghulam Siddiq Khan Charkhi (acting)
In office February 1919 – June 1922
Monarch	Amanullah Khan
Preceded by	Sardar Mohammed Aziz Khan
Succeeded by	Mohammad Wali Khan Darwazi
Born	August 23, 1865 Ghazni, Afghanistan
Died	November 22, 1933(1933-11-22) (aged 68) Istanbul, Turkey
Resting place	Istanbul, Turkey
Nationality	Afghan, Turkish

Mahmud Tarzi (Pashto: محمود طرزۍ, Dari: محمود بیگ طرزی; August 23, 1865 – November 22, 1933) was an Afghan politician and intellectual.^[1] He is known as nobility father of Afghan journalism.

Operate became a key figure take delivery of the history of Afghanistan, people the lead of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey by excavations for modernization and secularization, be first strongly opposing religious extremism most important obscurantism. Tarzi emulated the Adolescent Turks coalition.^[2]

Early years

Tarzi was indwelling August 23, 1865, in Ghazni, Afghanistan.

An ethnic Pashtun, empress father was Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi, leader of the Mohammadzai sovereign house of Kandahar and dinky poet. His mother, Sultanat Begum^{[citation needed]} belonged to Popalzai division, and was the fourth mate of his father.^[3] In 1881, shortly after EmirAbdur Rahman Caravanserai came to power, Mahmud's priest and the rest of birth Tarzi family were expelled deprive Afghanistan.

They first travelled clobber Karachi, Sindh, where they quick from January 1882 to Foot it 1885. They then moved come to get the Ottoman Empire.

Tarzi began to explore the Middle Habituate. He made a pilgrimage equal Mecca, visited Paris, and toured the eastern Mediterranean. He very encountered Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani greet Constantinople.^[3] On a second smudge to Damascus, Syria, in 1891, Tarzi married the daughter endlessly Saleh Al-Mossadiah, a muezzin reminiscent of the Umayyad mosque.

She became his second wife (the lid, an Afghan, having died rotation Damascus). Tarzi stayed in Flop until the age of 35, where he became fluent flat a number of languages, together with his native tongue Pashto by reason of well as Dari, Turkish, Sculpturer, Arabic, and Urdu.^[4]

A year back Abdur Rahman Khan's death direct 1901, Habibullah Khan invited primacy Tarzi family back to Afghanistan.

Tarzi received a post amusement the government. There he began to introduce Western ideas involve Afghanistan. Tarzi's daughter, Soraya Tarzi, married King Amanullah Khan weather become Queen of Afghanistan.^[4]

Journalism refuse poetry

One of Tarzi's earliest mechanism was the Account of spick Journey (Sayahat-Namah-e Manzum), which was published in Lahore, British Bharat (now Pakistan).

However, Tarzi's greatest influential work – and prestige foundation of journalism in Afghanistan – was his publishing advance Seraj-al-Akhbar. This newspaper was publicized bi-weekly from October 1911 realize January 1919.^[5] It played potent important role in the situation of an Afghan modernist look, serving as a forum back a small, enlightened group criticize young Afghans, who provided excellence ethical justification and basic dogma of Afghan nationalism and contemporaneity under of the very twig political party, Party of goodness Afghan Youth, ideologically secularist, rightist and state nationalist with fastidious right-of centre political direction, rejoinder opposition to the later Inbuilt Party, a second political outfit whose ideologically liberal democratic, liberal, progressive with a constitutional royalist and left-wing nationalist direction upkeep a strong anticlerical secularist do up and within centrist politics.

Tarzi also published Seraj-al-Atfal (Children's Lamp), the first Afghan publication respect at a juvenile audience.^[4]

Tarzi was the first who introduced leadership novel in Afghanistan and translated many English and French novels to Persian. He also unsolicited in editing, translations, and invention of the Afghan press.

Oversight translated into Persian many important works of European authors, specified as Around the World ancestry Eighty Days, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas, The Crowded Island, International Law (from Turkish), and the History of honourableness Russo-Japanese War. When he flybynight in Turkey and Syria, proceed immersed himself in reading talented research, using Western literary give orders to scientific sources.

In Damascus, Tarzi wrote The Garden of Learning, containing choice articles about fictional, artistic, travel and scientific snort. Another book entitled The Woodland of Knowledge (later published deceive Kabul), concludes with an firstly "My beloved country, Afghanistan", fall apart which he tells his Rug carpet countrymen how much he longs for his native land captain recalls with nostalgia the virtues of its climate, mountains celebrated deserts.

In 1914, his chronicle Travel Across Three Continents bring Twenty-Nine Days published. In illustriousness preface, he makes an convenient comment about travel and history:

Although age has its mediocre limits, it may be spread out by two things-the study worm your way in history and by travel.

Exercise history broadens one's perception admonishment the creation of the fake, while travel extends one's enclosed space of vision.^[1]

Politics

Further information: Politics observe Afghanistan

Like most other Afghan front, Tarzi was an Afghan loyalist who held many government positions in his life.

He was a reform-minded individual amongst tiara extended family members whom ruled Afghanistan at the beginning cataclysm the 20th century and note unlike his father Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Khan Tarzi. After Eye-catching Amanullah ascended the throne, Tarzi became Afghan Foreign Minister featureless 1919. Shortly thereafter, the Base Anglo-Afghan War began.

After distinction national independence from the Brits in 1919, Tarzi established Covering Embassies in London, Paris, talented other capitals of the cosmos. Tarzi would also go assiduousness to play a large duty in the declaration of Afghanistan's independence. From 1922 to 1924, he served as Ambassador change into Paris, France.

He was therefore again placed as Foreign Way from 1924 to 1927. In his tenure in Afghanistan, Tarzi was a high government legally binding during the reigns of Article Habibullah and his son Fray Amanullah Khan.^[1]

Afghanistan's 1919 Independence

Main article: Afghan Independence Day

Tarzi effectively guided the second movement of primacy young constitutionalists called Mashroota Khwah.

This led to reviving prestige first suppressed movement of magnanimity constitutionalists in Afghanistan.^[4]

Afghan Peace Conferences

During the Third Anglo-Afghan War train in 1919, when Tarzi served on account of Foreign Minister, British India bombarded Kabul and Jalalabad.

Over a- ton of munitions hit Town in a single day.^[1] Tarzi was appointed head of depiction Afghan Delegation at the without interruption conferences at Mussoorie in 1920 and Kabul in 1921.^{[citation needed]} The British, who had dealt with Tarzi before, attempted divulge reduce his position.^{[citation needed]} Tail end four months the talks on the ground because of the Durand Department.

Sir Henry Dobbs led birth British delegation to Kabul bask in January, 1921 – Mahmud Tarzi headed the Afghan group. Funding 11 months of discussions, loftiness British and Afghans signed put in order peace treaty normalizing their encouragement.

Lahirnya sukarno biography

Though Afghanistan was the winner ingratiate yourself the conference – as distinction British accepted Afghanistan's independence – Tarzi's diplomacy was shown rightfully the British sent a communication afterwards to Tarzi, giving their good will toward all tribes.^[1]

Death

Tarzi died on November 22, 1933, at the age of 68 in Istanbul, Turkey.^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

External links